When Pharma Companies Used Doctors To Promote Opioids
Some of the most prominent case studies should have been good stories since they featured prescription painkillers. Recruiting physicians as “key opinion leaders” (KOLs), a title designed to be psychologically rewarding, and paying them to deliver scripted promotional presentations to their peers, are just a few examples.
Author:Suleman ShahReviewer:Han JuJan 01, 2023111 Shares1.7K Views
Over 400,000 Americans have died from the opioid crisis in the previous two decades. The social costs of opioid addiction and mortality are in the trillions of dollars, with much of these expenditures falling on underfunded local and state governments.
In recent months, evidence has surfaced showing how opioid firms' influence campaigns fueled the problem. Companies established contacts with physicians, professional associations, patient advocacy groups, research universities, public healthagencies, and politicians. These techniques' influence has been most closely seen in North America, but global reach.
Contrary to popular belief, opioid corporations' techniques are not wholly original. Some of the most prominent case studies should have been good stories since they featured prescription painkillers. Recruiting physicians as “key opinion leaders” (KOLs), a title designed to be psychologically rewarding, and paying them to deliver scripted promotional presentations to their peers, are just a few examples.
However, many of these methods were created with the help of enterprises that previously paid public relations, management consulting, and crisis management agencies to discredit the damages caused by their products or business operations.
While institutional links are ubiquitous, the media focuses on individuals, most notably excoriating doctors and researchers, for failing to declare industry-related financial conflicts of interest.
How Does Pharmaceuticals Influence Health Professionals?
Arthur M. Sackler died in 1987, years before Purdue Pharma introduced and aggressively marketed its top opioid brand, OxyContin. But Sackler was an important figure in the long historyof pharmaceutical marketing to physicians.
“„No one individual contributed more to mould the nature of medical advertising than the multi-talented- Dr Arthur Sackler
according to the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame. The power of advertising and promotion was brought to pharmaceutical marketing by him. Recently, opiate marketing has undoubtedly gone far beyond Sackler's greatest ambitions, or perhaps his darkest fears.
Between 2014 and 2015, nearly one in seven US physicians got opioid-related gifts from pharmaceutical corporations; another study from the same era puts the proportion at one in five for family physicians.
During this particular period, doctors prescribed almost 70 opioids per 100 Americans. Unsurprisingly, receiving compensation from opioid makers has been linked to increased prescribing rates. That is, of course, why drug corporations do such things, and identical results have been discovered with other prescription medications.
But alarming new data shows why the rise in opioid prescription is particularly troubling. A 2013-2015 research of 67,507 physicians in 2,208 counties found that pharma corporations' marketing of opioids to doctors increased opioid prescribing and overdose mortality.
The Attorney-General of Massachusetts submitted court documents alleging that doctors who met with Purdue Pharma drug salespeople were ten times more likely to prescribe opioids to patients who later died of an overdose than doctors who did not meet with the company's drug reps.
Purdue Pharma stopped marketing opioids to doctors in February 2018. The business continued its aggressive marketing approach for at least a decade after pleading guilty to deceiving physicians and patients by downplaying the risks of addiction and misuse of its primary brand, OxyContin, in 2007 in Massachusetts.
Purdue Pharma also hired a technologycompany to produce prompts in electronic health records (EHR) software pushing clinicians to prescribe more opioids. Second, the Sackler family's Mundipharma conglomerate has increased opioid markets globally.
However, the general tactic of downplaying the hazards of addiction and misuse appears similar to Purdue Pharma's North American strategies. “It's straight out of the playbook of Big Tobacco,” said former FDA commissioner David Kessler.
As the US restricts sales, the corporation expands internationally. Purdue Pharma is one of the numerous opioid producers that have paid physicians and has aggressively marketed opioids.
When Did Doctors Begin Prescribing Opioids?
A surge in opioid prescriptions for the treatment of chronic pain was the beginning of the opioid crisis, which has progressed dramatically in the last several years. In the 1990s, there was a rise in the prescribing of opioids.
Since 1999, there has been an increase in overdose deaths using prescription opioids (natural and semi-synthetic opioids and methadone) and heroin.Purdue Pharma first released OxyContin in 1996, and it was actively advertised and heavily promoted in the following years by doctors.
Do Doctors Get Paid To Push Certain Medications?
According to a new ProPublica investigation, doctors who receive money from drugmakers connected to a particular medicine prescribe that prescription more extensively than doctors who do not have such financial relationships.
The pattern holds for virtually all of the most often prescribed brand-name pharmaceuticals under Medicare, including those used to treat diabetes, asthma, and other conditions. Payments for providing promotional presentations, advising, and getting sponsored meals and travel are examples of financial connections. Among the 50 medications are numerous popular and pricey ones.
Thirty-eight of the medications have annual prices that surpass $1,000 per patient, and several are near the top of the list of the most expensive for the Medicare Part D prescription programme.
Linzess is a medication used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and severe constipation. From 2014 to 2018, the drug's manufacturers, Allergan and Ironwood, spent over $29 million on Linzess-related payments to doctors, mainly for meals and promotional speaking fees.
According to ProPublica's investigation, doctors who received Linzess reimbursements in 2016 wrote 45% more prescriptions for the medicine on average than doctors who did not get money.
Other studies have discovered links between industrial relationships and prescriptions for specific medications, such as opioids. In one research, brand-name prescription for specific medication classes was linked to getting as little as a single pharmaceutical industry-sponsored meal.
Ornstein, one of the investigators of this practice, said, "It is unlawful to pay a doctor a bribe to prescribe pharmaceuticals, but it is permissible to pay doctors to help advertise your drug. Some doctors earn tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of dollars each year in additional compensation for working with the business."
Conclusion
Each year, over half of all doctors in the United States take money or gifts from drug and device corporations totalling more than $2 billion. These payments vary from catered lunches at which doctors listen to drug representatives promote their latest goods to expensive trips to opulent locations to work as "consultants." These payments clearly constitute conflicts of interest.
Despite this, the medical profession has resisted blocking the flow of money, claiming that industry contributions do not hurt patients and may even benefit them. Few significant efforts have been made to curtail this behaviour. We feel that stronger action is required, such as a complete prohibition on drug company payments to physicians.
Suleman Shah
Author
Suleman Shah is a researcher and freelance writer. As a researcher, he has worked with MNS University of Agriculture, Multan (Pakistan) and Texas A & M University (USA). He regularly writes science articles and blogs for science news website immersse.com and open access publishers OA Publishing London and Scientific Times. He loves to keep himself updated on scientific developments and convert these developments into everyday language to update the readers about the developments in the scientific era. His primary research focus is Plant sciences, and he contributed to this field by publishing his research in scientific journals and presenting his work at many Conferences.
Shah graduated from the University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan) and started his professional carrier with Jaffer Agro Services and later with the Agriculture Department of the Government of Pakistan. His research interest compelled and attracted him to proceed with his carrier in Plant sciences research. So, he started his Ph.D. in Soil Science at MNS University of Agriculture Multan (Pakistan). Later, he started working as a visiting scholar with Texas A&M University (USA).
Shah’s experience with big Open Excess publishers like Springers, Frontiers, MDPI, etc., testified to his belief in Open Access as a barrier-removing mechanism between researchers and the readers of their research. Shah believes that Open Access is revolutionizing the publication process and benefitting research in all fields.
Han Ju
Reviewer
Hello! I'm Han Ju, the heart behind World Wide Journals. My life is a unique tapestry woven from the threads of news, spirituality, and science, enriched by melodies from my guitar. Raised amidst tales of the ancient and the arcane, I developed a keen eye for the stories that truly matter. Through my work, I seek to bridge the seen with the unseen, marrying the rigor of science with the depth of spirituality.
Each article at World Wide Journals is a piece of this ongoing quest, blending analysis with personal reflection. Whether exploring quantum frontiers or strumming chords under the stars, my aim is to inspire and provoke thought, inviting you into a world where every discovery is a note in the grand symphony of existence.
Welcome aboard this journey of insight and exploration, where curiosity leads and music guides.
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