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James Webb Space Telescope - Uncovering The Universe Since Big Bang

The $10 billion James Webb Space Observatory, NASA's largest and most powerful space research telescope, will investigate the cosmos to learn about the universe's history, from the Big Bang to the birth of alien planets and beyond.

Author:Suleman Shah
Reviewer:Han Ju
Dec 21, 2022173 Shares2.6K Views
NASA's James Webb Space Telescopeis an infrared space observatory that will launch from ESA's launch facility in Kourou, French Guiana, on December 25, 2021, at 7:20 am EST (1220 GMT; 9:20 am local time in Kourou), onboard an Arianespace Ariane 5 rocket. The $10 billion James Webb Space Observatory, NASA's largest and most powerful space research telescope, will investigate the cosmos to learn about the universe's history, from the Big Bang to the birth of alien planets and beyond. It is one of NASA's Great Observatories, which contain massive space equipment such as the Hubble Space Telescope to view far into the universe.

The James Webb Space Telescope Explained In 9 Minutes

James Webb Space Telescope Vs Hubble

  • The powerful James Webb space telescope will orbit the Sun in the same direction as Earth. At the same time, the Hubble space telescope is around 340 miles away from Earth. Let's have a look at the differences between the two telescopes.
  • Hubble was launched into low-Earth orbit in April 1990. The telescope has helped us understand how the cosmos appears by taking magnificent photos for more than three decades. The James Webb Telescope, operational in December 2021, was deployed just last month and is meant to observe objects 10-100 times fainter than Hubble.
  • Webb can and is intended to detect infrared light, resulting in unusual and fascinating photographs. On the other hand, Hubble can observe light at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths.
  • The Hubble Space Telescope is about 340 miles away from the Webb telescope, nearly a million miles away. Webb must be more excellent than Hubble to capture weak infrared wavelengths of light. As a result, Webb must be shielded from infrared radiation emitted by the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
  • The South Atlantic Anomaly is a small dent in the Earth's magnetic field that can cause satellites to collide. Hubble only passes through this weak spot about 15% of the time. On the other hand, Webb will not come into contact with the anomaly.
  • Webb will be able to see the light from the universe's first stars and galaxies, disclosing how stars looked 13.7 billion years ago.

James Webb Space Telescope First Image

NASA published the first composite photos taken by the James Webb Space Telescope on February 11. The Ursa Major star is reflected from Webb's primary mirror segments to its secondary mirror and Near Infrared Camera in 18 dazzling white spots (NIRCam). These photographs were captured as part of a months-long procedure to align Webb's equipment so that it may record unprecedented evidence of the universe's origins. Ground operators positioned the Webb telescope to 156 different points around the star's presumed location around 260 light-years away from Earth over two weeks, resulting in 1,560 photos in all. They merged all of those captures to generate the fuzziness you see above. Starlin Hernandez, the flight systems engineer at the NASA Space Telescope ScienceInstitute in Baltimore, said in a live video on January 24 that the effect is "as if a person's eyes were pointed in multiple directions, leading them to see double."
Webb's NIRCam captured the trial photos, detecting infrared wavelengths ranging from 0.6 microns to 5 microns or slightly beyond the visible light range. This will allow the telescope to see some of the earliest star and galaxy forms. Because the Hubble Space Telescope primarily gathers visible light, Webb should be able to enhance humanity's view of deep space greatly.

How Far Can James Webb Telescope See?

According to NASA, the Webb telescope is sufficiently sensitive to infrared light that it could detect even the modest heat of a bumblebee from the moon's distance. Technically, it could see details as small as a US cent at around 25 miles. Hubble is recognized for producing magnificent photographs of space, but it hasn't permitted scientists to glimpse the earliest galaxies formed after the Big Bang. Webb hopes to remedy that by functioning as a vast time machine. "It's like we have this 14-billion-year-old story of the cosmos, but we're missing the first chapter," astronomer Amber Straughn told Scott Pelley in an interview for "60 Minutes." "And Webb was specifically designed to allow us to see the very first galaxies that formed after the Big Bang."
If all goes well, Webb will capture light traveling through space for up to 13.5 billion years, extending our views of the universe several hundred million years earlier than Hubble — back to the birth of the first galaxies.

Why Is The James Webb Space Telescope So Special?

Because the Webb is essentially an infrared telescope, it observes light with a longer wavelength than what human eyes can perceive. This may appear nerdy and complicated, but it is what permits Webb to go further back in time than the Hubble. Due to a phenomenon known as redshifting, infrared light is frequently extremely ancient light.
Its considerably increased infrared resolution and sensitivity will allow it to see objects too old and distant for Hubble to see—some up to 100 times fainter. This is projected to enable a wide variety of astronomical and cosmological research, such as precise atmosphere characterization of possibly habitable exoplanets.
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Suleman Shah

Suleman Shah

Author
Suleman Shah is a researcher and freelance writer. As a researcher, he has worked with MNS University of Agriculture, Multan (Pakistan) and Texas A & M University (USA). He regularly writes science articles and blogs for science news website immersse.com and open access publishers OA Publishing London and Scientific Times. He loves to keep himself updated on scientific developments and convert these developments into everyday language to update the readers about the developments in the scientific era. His primary research focus is Plant sciences, and he contributed to this field by publishing his research in scientific journals and presenting his work at many Conferences. Shah graduated from the University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan) and started his professional carrier with Jaffer Agro Services and later with the Agriculture Department of the Government of Pakistan. His research interest compelled and attracted him to proceed with his carrier in Plant sciences research. So, he started his Ph.D. in Soil Science at MNS University of Agriculture Multan (Pakistan). Later, he started working as a visiting scholar with Texas A&M University (USA). Shah’s experience with big Open Excess publishers like Springers, Frontiers, MDPI, etc., testified to his belief in Open Access as a barrier-removing mechanism between researchers and the readers of their research. Shah believes that Open Access is revolutionizing the publication process and benefitting research in all fields.
Han Ju

Han Ju

Reviewer
Hello! I'm Han Ju, the heart behind World Wide Journals. My life is a unique tapestry woven from the threads of news, spirituality, and science, enriched by melodies from my guitar. Raised amidst tales of the ancient and the arcane, I developed a keen eye for the stories that truly matter. Through my work, I seek to bridge the seen with the unseen, marrying the rigor of science with the depth of spirituality. Each article at World Wide Journals is a piece of this ongoing quest, blending analysis with personal reflection. Whether exploring quantum frontiers or strumming chords under the stars, my aim is to inspire and provoke thought, inviting you into a world where every discovery is a note in the grand symphony of existence. Welcome aboard this journey of insight and exploration, where curiosity leads and music guides.
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